(pen)o Overview
(pen)-> (r)Colonial resistance(pen)
(pen)-> (pu)African diplomacy and warfare(pen)
(pen)-> (or)Regional challenges in Asia(pen)
(pen)o (r)Colonial resistance(pen)
(pen)-> Spanish forced labor and ritual bans burdened the (r)Pueblo(pen).
(pen)-> Po'pay led the (r)Pueblo(pen) (r)Revolt(pen) in New Mexico in 1680.
(pen)-> Rebels expelled Spain; Spaniards returned in the 1690s.
(pen)-> Wampanoag chief (r)Metacom(pen) resisted English land seizure.
(pen)-> His coalition fought in New England in 1675-1676.
(pen)-> (r)Colonial(pen) victory brought Native displacement and enslavement.
(pen)o (pu)African diplomacy and warfare(pen)
(pen)-> (pu)Nzinga(pen) ruled (pu)Ndongo(pen) and later Matamba in central Africa.
(pen)-> Portuguese conquest and slave raiding threatened her power.
(pen)-> She used conversion and (pu)negotiation(pen) with armed (hp)resistance(pen).
(pen)-> Alliance with the (pu)Dutch(pen) challenged Portuguese strength.
(pen)-> (pu)Matamba(pen) sheltered fugitives and built military resources.
(pen)-> (pu)Nzinga(pen) preserved a state while participating in slave trading.
(pen)o (or)Regional challenges in Asia(pen)
(pen)-> (or)Mughal(pen) expansion faced (or)Maratha(pen) opposition in the Deccan.
(pen)-> (or)Shivaji(pen) built (or)regional(pen) power through forts and mobile warfare.
(pen)-> A (or)coronation(pen) in 1674 asserted his independent kingship.
(pen)-> Prolonged conflict strained (or)Mughal(pen) armies and revenues.
(pen)-> (hp)Resistance(pen) could build rival states rather than end monarchy.
(pen)o Overview
(pen)-> (db)Elite resistance in Europe(pen)
(pen)-> (li)Frontier and peasant revolt(pen)
(pen)-> (hp)Resistance to enslavement(pen)
(pen)o (db)Elite resistance in Europe(pen)
(pen)-> French royal taxation and centralization provoked the (db)Fronde(pen).
(pen)-> In 1648-1653, (db)magistrates(pen) and (db)nobles(pen) challenged the crown.
(pen)-> These (db)elites(pen) defended (db)privileges(pen), not equal rights for all.
(pen)-> Royal victory helped Louis XIV consolidate authority.
(pen)-> (db)Nobles(pen) retained status despite losing this challenge.
(pen)-> Rulers negotiated with (db)elites(pen) as well as crushing (r)revolt(pen).
(pen)o (li)Frontier and peasant revolt(pen)
(pen)-> Russian rulers extended control over (li)frontier(pen) communities.
(pen)-> (li)Cossacks(pen) valued military (db)privileges(pen) and local autonomy.
(pen)-> Stenka (li)Razin(pen) led a major (r)revolt(pen) in 1670-1671.
(pen)-> (li)Cossacks(pen) and discontented (li)peasants(pen) challenged officials.
(pen)-> The state crushed the (r)revolt(pen) and executed (li)Razin(pen).
(pen)-> (li)Frontier(pen) fighters could serve rulers or resist their demands.
(pen)o (hp)Resistance to enslavement(pen)
(pen)-> (hp)Maroons(pen) escaped slavery and formed autonomous communities.
(pen)-> Brazilian (hp)Palmares(pen) resisted (r)colonial(pen) attacks in the 1600s.
(pen)-> (hp)Settlements(pen) used (hp)defense(pen), agriculture, and regional exchange.
(pen)-> (r)Colonial(pen) forces destroyed (hp)Palmares(pen)'s main center in 1694.
(pen)-> (hp)Escape(pen) and organized (hp)resistance(pen) challenged slavery's power.